Xarunta wax soo saarka

Shaqada kombaresarada hawada ka saarta walxaha filter-ka waa in ay galaan hawada isku raran ee saliidda ku jirta ee uu dhaliyo mishiinka ugu weyn qaboojiyaha, oo ay galaan qaybta shaandhada saliidda iyo gaaska si loo sifeeyo iyada oo loo marayo kala-soocidda farsamada, dhexda iyo isku geynta ceeryaanta saliidda gaas, oo sameeya dhibco saliid ah oo ku urursan xagga hoose ee walxaha shaandhada oo ku soo noqda tuubada soo celinta saliidda Si nidaamka saliidda kombaresarada, kombaresarada ayaa soo daaya hawo saafi ah, tayada sare leh; Si fudud u dhig, waa aalad ka saarta siigada adag, saliidda iyo walxaha gaaska iyo walxaha dareeraha ah ee hawada ciriiriga ah ku jira.

Waxqabadka sifaynta ee shaandhada boodhka waxa inta badan ka muuqata hufnaanta sifaynta, awoodda haynta boodhka, daalacashada hawada iyo iska caabinta, iyo nolosha adeegga. Waxyaabaha soo socdaa waa falanqayn kooban oo ku saabsan waxqabadka shaandhada boodhka ee dhinacyadan:

Waxtarka sifaynta

Dhinaca kale, waxtarka shaandhaynta ee shaandhada boodhka waxay la xiriirtaa qaab-dhismeedka walxaha shaandhada, dhinaca kale, waxay sidoo kale ku xiran tahay lakabka boodhka ee lagu sameeyay walxaha shaandhada. Marka loo eego qaab dhismeedka walxaha shaandhada, waxtarka shaandhaynta ee fiilooyinka gaaban ayaa ka sarreeya fiilooyinka dhaadheer, iyo waxtarka shaandhaynta ee walxaha shaandhada la dareemay ayaa ka sarreeya kuwa dharka. Walax filter sare. Marka laga eego aragtida samaynta lakabka boodhka, walxaha shaandhada khafiifka ah, ka dib nadiifinta, lakabka boodhka ayaa la burburiyaa oo waxtarka ayaa si weyn loo yareeyaa, halka walxaha shaandhada qaro weyn, qayb ka mid ah boodhka lagu hayn karo walxaha shaandhada ka dib nadiifinta, si looga fogaado nadiifinta xad-dhaaf ah. Guud ahaan, waxtarka ugu sarreeya ayaa la gaari karaa marka walxaha shaandhada aan dillaacin. Sidaa darteed, ilaa iyo inta xuduudaha naqshadeynta si habboon loo doortay, saameynta ka saarista boodhka ee walxaha shaandhada waa inaysan dhibaato lahayn.

Awood haynta siigada

Awooda xajinta boodhka, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano culayska boodhka, waxa loola jeedaa xadiga boodhka ku urursan walaxda shaandhada aag kasta marka la gaadho qiimaha iska caabinta (kg/m2). Awooda haynta boodhka ee walxaha shaandhada ayaa saameeya caabbinta walxaha shaandhada iyo wareegga nadiifinta. Si looga fogaado wax badan oo boodh ah oo loo dheereeyo nolosha curiyaha shaandhada, guud ahaan waxaa loo baahan yahay in xubinta shaandhada ay leedahay awoodda ugu weyn ee haynta boodhka. Awooda xajinta boodhka waxay la xiriirtaa dalool-xumada iyo hawo-mareenka walxaha shaandhada, iyo walxaha shaandhada la dareemay waxay leeyihiin awood boodh ka weyn tan shaandhada dharka.

Marxaladaha hawada iyo iska caabinta

Sifeynta la neefsan karo waxaa loola jeedaa cadadka gaaska maraya aag unug ah walxaha shaandhada hoos yimaada farqiga cadaadis gaar ah. Iska caabbinta walxaha shaandhada waxay si toos ah ula xiriirtaa qulqulka hawada. Sida qiimaha kala duwanaanshaha cadaadiska joogtada ah ee lagu cabbirayo qulqulka hawada, qiimuhu wuu kala duwan yahay waddan ilaa waddan. Japan iyo Maraykanku waxay qaateen 127Pa, Sweden waxay qaadatay 100Pa, Jarmalkuna waxa uu qaatay 200Pa. Sidaa darteed, farqiga cadaadiska ee lagu qaaday tijaabada waa in la tixgeliyo marka la dooranayo qulqulka hawada. Marxaladaha hawadu waxay kuxirantahay fiicnaanshaha fiber-ka, nooca suufka fiber-ka iyo habka tolnimada. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta Iswidhan, daalacashada hawada ee walxaha filter fiber fiber waa 200--800 mitir cubic/(square meter ˙h), iyo dabaysha hawada ee alaabta safarka ee fiber-ka ah waa 300-1000 mitir cubic/(square meter ˙h) Dhererka hawada ee walxaha shaandhada la dareemay waa 400-800 mitir kuyuubik/(mitir laba jibaaran ˙h). Mar kasta oo ay sare u kacdo xawliga hawada, ayaa sii weynaada mugga hawada la ogol yahay (culays gaar ah) halkii cutubba.

Marxaladaha hawada guud ahaan waxa loola jeedaa xawliga hawada ee walxaha shaandhada nadiifka ah. Marka boodhku ku ururo marada shaandhada, xawliga hawadu wuu yaraan doonaa. Iyada oo ku xidhan nooca boodhka, dabaysha hawada guud waa kaliya 20% -40% ee hawada bilowga ah (hawo hawada marka walxaha shaandhada nadiifka ah), iyo boodhka wanaagsan, xitaa waa 10% -20% . Xadhiga hawo-qaadista waa la dhimay, waxtarka ka saarista boodhka ayaa la wanaajiyay, laakiin caabbinta si weyn ayaa loo kordhiyaa.

Kombaresarka hawada nolosha adeegga shaandhada siigada

Nolosha xubinta shaandhada waxa ay tilmaamaysaa wakhtiga ay qaadanayso shaandhada in ay ku qaraxdo xaaladaha isticmaalka caadiga ah. Dhererka nolosha curiyaha shaandhada waxay ku xidhan tahay tayada shaandhada lafteeda (qalabka, habka tolnimada, tignoolajiyada ka dib, iwm) laba arrimood. Isla shuruudo la mid ah, qaabaynta habraaca ka saarista boodhka wanaagsan ayaa sidoo kale sii dheerayn karta nolosha adeegga walxaha shaandhada.

1. Saxanka daboolka dhamaadka ah iyo shabaqyada ilaalinta gudaha iyo dibedda ayaa ka samaysan qalab tayo sare leh oo kiimiko ah, kaas oo leh wax-qabad wanaagsan oo ka-hortagga miridhku iyo daxalka, sidoo kale wuxuu leeyahay sifooyinka muuqaalka quruxda badan iyo xoogga wanaagsan.

2. Giraan xidhidhiyaha caagga ah ee unugga xiran (dheeman ama koofiyad) oo leh dabacsanaan wanaagsan, xoog sare iyo gabowga ka-hortagga ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo hubiyo ciriiriga hawada ee kartoonada shaandhada.

Xabag tayo sare leh oo tayo sare leh oo la soo dhoofiyo ayaa la doortay, qaybta isku xidhku waa mid adag oo waara, mana soo saari doonto jajabinta iyo dildilaaca, taas oo hubinaysa nolosha adeegga ee kartoonada shaandhada iyo badbaadada isticmaalka culeyska sare ee hawlgalka joogtada ah.